Plantar fasciitis treatment
Plantar fasciitis is a common foot condition characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot connecting the heel to the toes. It often causes sharp heel pain, particularly with the first steps in the morning or after prolonged periods of rest. Risk factors include prolonged standing, obesity, high-impact activities, flat feet, or tight calf muscles. Treatment focuses on reducing pain, relieving inflammation, and promoting healing of the fascia.
Initial management of plantar fasciitis is usually conservative. Resting the affected foot, avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms, and applying ice packs can help reduce pain and inflammation. Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen may be used to relieve discomfort. Stretching exercises for the plantar fascia, Achilles tendon, and calf muscles are highly effective in improving flexibility and reducing tension on the heel. Strengthening exercises for foot muscles can also help prevent recurrence.
Supportive measures play a key role in treatment. Wearing well-cushioned shoes, using orthotic insoles, or heel pads can reduce stress on the plantar fascia. Night splints that keep the foot in a dorsiflexed position during sleep are sometimes prescribed to stretch the fascia gently. Physical therapy, including massage, ultrasound therapy, or shockwave therapy, may be recommended for persistent cases.
In rare cases where conservative treatments fail after six to twelve months, more advanced interventions such as corticosteroid injections or surgical release of the plantar fascia may be considered. Patient education on proper footwear, gradual increase in activity, and weight management is essential to prevent recurrence. Overall, most patients respond well to conservative treatment, with significant pain relief and restored function achievable over several weeks to months, allowing them to resume daily activities and maintain an active lifestyle.
